Modern World terms :: essays research papers

1. War of the Spanish Succession- (1701-14), conflict that arose out of the disputed succession to the throne of Spain following the death of the childless Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs. The battles raged across Europe for eleven years. In an effort to regulate the impending succession, to which there were three principal claimants, England, the Dutch Republic, and France signed the First Treaty of Partition, agreeing Prince Joseph Ferdinand, should inherit Spain. 2. War of the Austrian Succession- (1740-1748). Maria Theresa of Austria succeeded her father Charles VI. She, as a woman, was seen as weak, and some other princes alleged rights to the thrown. The hostilities began with the invasion of Silesia by King Frederick II of Prussia and only ended with peace of Aix-la-Chapelle. Most of the military interest of the war lies in the struggle of Prussia and Austria for Silesia. 3. Seven Year’s War- (1754 and 1756-1763). decisive round in the Franco-British competition for colonial empire. With the Treat of Paris (1763) France lost all its possessions on the mainland of North America and gave up most of its holdings in India as well. By 1763, Britain had realized its goal of monopolizing a vast trade and colonial empire for its benefit. 4. cottage workers- workers who were paid to work in villages. Worked in spurts where the man tended to drink after they were paid. 5. enclosure system- authorized the fencing of open fields in a given village and the division of the common in proportion to one’s property in the open fields. It marked the completion of two major historical developments in England: the rise of market oriented estate agriculture and the emergence of a land less proletariat 6. domestic system- also known as the putting out system was a popular system of cloth production in Europe. It existed as early as the 1400s but was most prominent in the 17th and 18th centuries. Workers would work from home, manufacturing individual articles from raw materials, then bring them to a central place of business, such as a marketplace or a larger town, to be assembled and sold. 7. â€Å"spinsters†- widows and unmarried women who spun for their living 8. agricultural revolution- produced a transformation of human society brought about by the invention of the plow, making large scale agricultural production possible and leading to agrarian societies. Many people call it the â€Å"dawn of civilization.