Final Project Essay Example for Free

Final Project Essay To turnaround an unprofitable company, Joan imposed new management ideas despite her father’s business practices and culture. With her leadership, Joan will lead and motivate Invitations Inc. employees, and the company will become more profitable. This leadership void threatens Invitation’s Inc â€Å"sustainable pattern of customer focus and profitable growth† (Millikin 9). Invitations Inc. needs to continue the momentum and motivation to accomplish growth. Replacing Joan with as the new CEO by use of a search committee represents the obvious solution to the problem. However, this assumes a replacement could and would be Joan’s equal, including leadership and management style, vision, and knowledge. Garrett could allow Joan to transition the leadership role to a replacement of her choice, with approval of Invitations Board of Directors, after a mentoring and trial period. On the other hand, Invitations Inc. could negotiate with Garrett to extend Joan’s stay as CEO to ensure the status quo. This would allow Joan to continue her successful leadership and strategies, or run the company as CEO of Invitations Inc, while decreasing redundancies and increasing operating efficiencies. Analysis of the Alternatives Search committees often replace the traditional hiring of upper management and leadership. The committee must define present conditions and develop a consensus of criteria used in evaluating candidates, including the leadership qualities needed at this stage in the company’s revival plan. Next, the committee can identify, screen, and interview candidates. Afterwards, the committee can recommend candidates to the board for consideration and their eventual decision (Poston 1). Alternatively, if one exists, Invitations Inc. should implement their succession management plan. Evaluation criteria are critical to the search committee. To build consensus, the committee should examine the past and the present to understand the future. With her recent success and credibility, Joan might become a benchmark for the search committee. An  examination of Joan would reveal her background and multicultural experiences, which have enabled her to embrace the cultur al differences between her dad and her. She fervently believes that â€Å"cultural conflict, if paced and channeled correctly, could provide opportunity for rapid innovation† . In hindsight, as the case suggests, Joan recognized the primary need to focus on corporate culture without passing judgment, recognizing its pros and cons. As an example, Joan confronted her dads method of performance evaluations and employee advancement. In US, factors like age, education level, and years of service to an organization determine career advancement. Except for those whose actions reflect poorly on the group and its members, seniority is the key factor for recognition and promotion. This paradigm often resulted in delays to the decision making process in an effort to achieve consensus,† thereby impeding the company’s decision-making (Millikin 3). To address these corporate cultural issues, Joan successfully balanced eastern collectivism and teamwork with western individualism. First, to develop a trust with employees, Joan displayed her strong interpersonal skills; she was the first manager to walk around the entire company and meet every employee in perso n (Millikin 5). Next, she developed systems for employee opinions and recommendations instead of hiring outside consultants. She also exposed managers to unfamiliar cultures, different areas of the business outside their boundaries, and more information through transparency and cross-functional teams. Nevertheless, she demanded personal commitment within the team environment by demanding accurate work, playing off the strength uncertainty avoidance (Millikin 8) Joan felt could use adjustment is the extent to which the people focus on the past, present, or future. Joan recognized that Invitations Inc. employees did not have a sense of urgency about the future, a potential bankruptcy. It makes sense for employees not to worry about such financial matters when the government bails out large employers. Thus, after careful detailed analysis, Joan recognized management did not have a vision for employees to follow. Therefore, he developed a long-term plan focusing on profit and listening to the customer. By mixing the cultural norms, Joan capitalized on the strength of the Invitations Inc. employee. As a leader, she understood cultural behaviors while appreciating their differences. Her cultural sensitivity coupled with her people skills helped turnaround the company. These skills  and decision-making ability are not mutually exclusive to Joan’s normative decision model, which assumes decision-making styles are learnable. Therefore and a possible near-identical substitute could exist. One major problem with search committees are the significant amount of time and effort necessary by the members, who are often upper management, might produce less than ideal candidates (Poston 1). Although best practices exist for search committee, Joan’s replacement might not harmonize with the company. The replacement might undue the corporate cultural changes under Joan, reverting to old habits, or tip the balance of cultures too far in the other direction. According to the case’s timeline, Joan would continue as CEO of Invitations Inc. for as long as needed. This could be time spent by Joan to mentor a successor of her choice. Joan should follow the succession management system, if one exists, to find the future leader for the company. If such a system does not exist, Joan will need to follow a similar process to that of a selection committee: identify, screen, and interview candidates, and make the recommendation of a candidate to the Board of Directors. There must be full confidence and trust in Joan’s decision by the board and the company, and in return, Joan needs to be fair and as objective as possible, using the same criteria and documenting all steps during the selection process. During her time with the company, Joan stablished relationships with other managers and leaders, some of high-quality, some of low-quality. According to the Leader-Member Exchange model, â€Å"those followers with high-quality relationships are in the in-group (Nahavandi 87). Applying this model would assume Joan’s in-group enjoyed her attention, support, confidence, respect, and more favorable job performance ratings, often leading to promotions. Remember, Joan moved away from the cultural norm of the seniority promo tional system to a pay for performance system. Moreover, Joan might know those in the in-group intimately from non-work related social networks. Since she developed employee-based programs to eliminate the hiring of consultants, using the in-group as a pool of replacement candidates seems the most logical. However, should Joan feel her option, the entire company, are not suitable, she could use this time to search outside of the company, maybe her personal in-group. As part of Joan’s selection criteria will be support for her change management principles, including establishing cross-functional teams to address silos; focusing on key basic  metrics of quality, cost, and customer satisfaction; ensuring transparency and communications that connect all levels of employees across the company. Additionally, Joan believes the CEO should align employees with company goals and strategies through the leader’s vision, which initially would be the revitalization plan established by Joan. Once Joan chooses her successor, she can personally groom and mold this individual. However, as Fiedler and his Contingency Model suggest, leadership effectiveness is a function of the match between a leader’s style and the leadership situation (Nahavandi 70). Essentially, Fielder proposes the leader cannot change his style but can change the situation. As such, unless Joan wants significant change within the company, she should not tolerate candidates lacking the core values necessary to meet leadership needs, like respect for employee buy-in. LEADERSHIP VERSUS MANAGEMENT From these definitions, it should be clear that leadership and management are related, but they are not the same. A person can be a manager, a leader, both, or neither. In the company, there are many different activities, the manager and leader would have different function in the activities. On create an agenda, the manager needs to planning and budgeting. The manager establishes detailed steps and timetables for achieving needed results. The manager needs to allocate the resources necessary to make those needed result happen. The leader needs to establish the direction. The leader develops a vision of the future, often the distant future, and strategies for producing the changes needed to achieve that vision. On develop a human network for achieving the agenda, the manager needs to organizing and staffing. The manager establishes some structure for accomplishing plan requirements, staffing that structure with individuals, delegating responsibility and authority for carrying out the plan, providing policies and procedures to help guide people, and creating methods or systems to monitor implementation. The leader needs to align the people. The leader communicates the direction by words and deeds to all those whose cooperation may be needed to influence the creation of teams and coalitions that understand the vision and strategies and accept their validity. On executing plans, the manger needs to control and solve the problem. The manager needs to monitor the results vs. plan in some detail, identifying  deviations, and then planning and organizing to solve these problems. The leader needs to motivating and inspiring. The leader needs to energize people to overcome major political, bureaucratic, and resource barriers to change by satisfying very basic, but often unfulfilled, human needs. On outcomes, the manager needs to produces a degree of predictability and order and has the potential to consistently produce major results expected by various stakeholders. The leader needs to produces change, often to a dramatic degree, and has the potential to produce extremely useful change. Joan and her father will need to establish a knowledge of the above to strengthen their relationship. Works Cited Face Value: The $10 Billion Man. The Economist World News, Politics, Economics, Business Finance. The Economist Newspaper Ltd, 24 Feb. 2005. Fonda, Daren. CARLOS GHOSN, RENAULT: He Did So Well, Lets Give Him Two CEO Jobs TIME. Breaking News, Analysis, Politics, Blogs, News Photos, Video, Tech Reviews. Time, 1 Dec. 2003. Moffett, Sebastian, and Mike Ramsey. Renault CEOs Image Takes Hit. MarketWatch. Wall Street Journal, 12 Apr. 2011. Millikin, John P. The Global Leadership of Carlos Joanat Nissan. Publication no. A07-03-0014. Thunderbird, 2003. Muller, Joann. The Impatient Mr. Joan- Forbes.com. Information for the Worlds Business Leaders. Forbes, 22 May 2006. Nahavandi, Afsaneh. The Art and Science of Leadership. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2009. Poston, Muriel E. AAUP: Presidential Search Committee Checklist. American Association of University Professors.

Jane Goodall :: essays papers

Jane Goodall Jane Goodall is one of the world’s most admired women, acclaimed scientist, and conservationist (www.nationalgeographic.com). The work that she does is called ethology, which is the study of animal behavior. Such a successful woman has numerous admirable qualities. She has contributed greatly to society as well as to the animal kingdom. Her research paved the way for countless primate studies, and has changed the way many people view chimpanzees. Trying to narrow down only three admirable qualities about her is difficult, since she has so many. To me, her most admirable qualities are her patience and persistence to understand animals, her research involving chimpanzees, and her contributions she has made to the world by establishing various institutions. Studying chimpanzees is not an easy task. Subsequently, Jane Goodall made it look as simple as doing everyday activities. When she started the research, the chimpanzees fled from her in fear. It took many months for her to get close to them. With patience and persistence, she searched the forest everyday, deliberately trying not to get too close to them. Everyday she did this for many months. On some days Jane would observe the chimpanzees through binoculars from a peak overlooking the forest, just so she wouldn’t disturb their natural behavior. Gradually over a long period of time the chimpanzees became accustomed to her. At this time, she would be able to move up to them and just sit there and study them. She believed that this was her breakthrough in her research. Jane tells us â€Å"I must find a way to watch free, wild animals living their own, undisturbed lives. I wanted to learn things that no one else knew, uncover secrets through patient observation. I wanted to co me as close to talking to animals as I could (www.nationalgeographic.com).† To be able to have such patience and persistence is remarkable. Jane’s scientific discoveries have laid the foundation for all future primate studies. Her interest was studying the chimpanzees to gain insight into humans’ evolutionary past. Her observations have changed the way researchers and everyday individuals view chimpanzees. Jane had observed chimpanzees making and using tools for different reasons, such as using straws for extracting termites from nests. Her studies have showed many similarities between humans and chimpanzees, this discovery had amazed the world. The longer her research continued, the more it became obvious how like people chimpanzees really are. Some people believed that her research would last only a few months, however it has become the longest field study on any animal species in their natural surroundings (www.

Native Americans and Early American Colonists

Native American and Early American Colonists Grade school and even beginning level college history classes have taught early American exploration from a largely one sided view of the conflict between early explorers and Native Americans. The traditional image of the Native Americans as the sole victims, is an oversimplification of the conflict that existed between early explorers, settlers and Native Americans. Through the readings from Columbus, Bradford and some selected Native American writings, the traditional view of the Native American victim will be challenged and a broader view of the conflict will be presented.Columbus set out to explore a new land under the Spanish flag to bring riches and fame to Spain and the throne. In his letter to Santangel, Columbus (1493) explained how he hoped to find â€Å"great cities† and â€Å"king[s]† but instead found a primitive people and settlements he described as â€Å"small hamlets† that he viewed quite devolved from the bustling civilizations of Europe (pg. 26). One can clearly see, that Columbus’s hopes of finding rich kingdoms and cultures were dashed; instead his presence was met with resistance from the â€Å"Indians†.This relationship with the natives was described by Baym et. all (2008) as â€Å"disordered and bloody† (pg. 25). These natives were mistreated even though one could argue that they â€Å"threw the first punch† but, as Baym et. all (2008) describes earlier in the chapter, the Natives were not merely victims. They strategically used alliances with explorers and settlers to further their own interests and disputes with warring tribes and peoples. William Bradford (1897) describes quite a different account of his coming to the new world. He was part of a group of â€Å"pilgrims† seeking religious freedom.He likens their arrival to the new world, to the story in Acts were the apostles are met with such aggression from barbarians â€Å"who were readier to fill their sides full of arrows† (pg. 60). Later on in his account, he describes an attack they received from the natives he described as â€Å"enemies† (pg. 64). Later on in his account, Bradford (1897) describes some awful events surrounding early accounts of settler and native interactions in which the Native Americans treated the english as â€Å"worse than slaves† and were sent around and â€Å"ma[d]e sport with† (pg. 70).One last important viewpoint to give credence to is that of the Natives themselves. This account is unique and oftentimes not told. The first story mentioned is that of the freeing of John Smith as a ceremonial act that the natives hoped would earn them respect from the English. This instead had the opposite effect and eventually brought about an attack from the natives which killed over 500 colonists. In a speech from Pontiac (1763) he expresses concern over his people forgetting their heritage and blaming the English for the polluting of his people’s culture and beliefs.He holds the English in complete responsibility and calls for their blood. The traditional view of the natives as the sole victim is an oversimplification of the problems revolving around immigration and cultural diversity. Just from these three personal accounts from the time period we have three very different views of the issue. So, to say that one peoples are the victim is a gross oversimplification and misrepresentation of history. Columbus, C. (1493). Letter to Luis de Santagel Regarding the First Voyage. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. pp. 24-28). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Bradford, W. (1897). Of Plymouth Plantation. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 57-74). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Pontiac (1763). Speech at Detroit. In Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 208-209). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Baym, N. (Ed. ). (2008). The Norton Anthology of American Literature (seventh ed. , pp. 1-218). New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

The Dummies Guide For A Small Business - 2645 Words

DUMMIES GUIDE Cybersecurity Ryland M. Trogdon 4/24/2015 Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Initiation 3 Frequency 4 Current Situation 4 Casual Analysis 4 Essential Walkthrough 6 Prerequisites 6 Walkthrough 7 Assurance by Insurance 10 Resolutions 11 Possible Solutions 11 Longitude and Latitude 13 Scope 13 Conclusion 13 Abstract The purpose of his proposal is to provide inquiry and identify the best way to implement fundamental plans to individuals who wish to build and run a small business in addition to the lack of information they may bear on the importance and sustainability of protecting their networks and data against cyber-attacks. Figure 1: Map Display of international cyber-attacks. Introduction In recent years, Cybercrime has increased radically and it is becoming more vital for people to grant protection on their computers and data just as they do with anything else they deem needs to be secured. The improved rate for the need of security also applies to conceptual institutes of small businesses. Small businesses keep record of client, personal, product, and explicit company finance information and data. With this wealth of information and the increase in cybercrime, small businesses need an effective solution to defend their computer systems and data from cyber-attackers. Small business computer and data security is an imperative dispute that needs to be resolved. Research is a considerable necessity to ascertain what small businessShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Start A Successful Business1170 Words   |  5 Pages12/11/14 How to Start a Successful Business Have you ever thought about starting a business? Millions of Americans do. This is your guide on how to begin. Through the implementation of a business plan along with thorough market research, you will gain the sustainability needed to begin a business. 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Selecting The Right College An Electronic Guide For...

Choosing a College is an important decision for a first year college student and most students may not know which is the right school for them. The two literature review article that I have chosen is â€Å" Selecting the Right College: An Electronic Guide for Counselors and Students† by Markham B. Schack and the second one is â€Å"The Guidance Counselor’s Role in Advising College-Bound Students† by Samuel Brodbelt and the last one is â€Å"The College Search Process: Finding the Right College Match† by Michael Hills. The first two articles are pretty much similar since it’s two different perspective on school counselors in helping the students in choosing the right college for them. On the first two articles, other researchers explain the topic on choosing the right school by stating that juniors and seniors high school students begins to look more in depth in choosing a college rather than younger high school students. 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Literary Techniques Used in Mother to Son by Langston...

â€Å"Mother to Son,† written by Langston Hughes, is a short poem about a mother who is teaching her son about perseverance and determination by using the image of a staircase. She explains that even though life has given her many hardships, she continues forward and she urges her son to do the same. In â€Å"Mother to Son,† Langston Hughes uses an extended metaphor, imagery, dialect, and structure to paint a picture of a weary mother who wants her son to persevere through the hardships of life. The theme of this poem is determination and the value of experience. The mother is telling her son that no matter what happens, he should never give up. Even though this is a rather sad poem, there is a glimpse of hope because she never gave up. She never†¦show more content†¦A staircase that is broken would not be in a wealthy person’s home, so this also shows us that she is poor. In the 1920’s, which was when this poem was written, many African Americans were moving from the South into the cities for a chance at making a living. Most of them were very poor and lived in poverty, which is why the staircases would be broken down, bare, and no carpet. The title, â€Å"Mother to Son,† tells us that this is a mother giving her son advice. Langston Hughes opens the poem by saying, â€Å"Well, son, I’ll tell you:† (1), which could mean that the son had asked her about her life or that maybe he was complaining about his current struggles. The mother then begins to tell her son that her life has not been easy, but she never gives up and she urges her son to do the same: So boy, don’t you turn back. Don’t you set down on the step ‘Cause you finds it’s kinder hard. Don’t you fall now-- The mother is telling her son that he should never turn around or sit down just because it gets tough, and she uses herself as an example. You can see the determination that this mother has. She keeps trying and persevering through her troubles, even when it seems like there is no hope, â€Å"And sometimes goin’ in the dark / Where there ain’t been no light.† (12-13). â€Å"And sometimes goin’ in the dark† (12) could mean two things: she felt hopeless at some points in her life, or that it was hard to see the way. If a place is completely dark with no trace light, it isShow MoreRelatedLangston Hughes : Jazz Poetry And Harlem Renaissance1212 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes Jazz Poetry and Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes was an African American poet who was born on 01 February 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents separated and later divorced during his childhood. Subsequently he was raised predominantly by his maternal grandmother. His grandparents were politically active and supporters of the abolition of slavery. They were activists in the movement for voting rights for African Americans. Through their active involvement in his upbringingRead MoreLangston Hughes : The Black Writers Of The Harlem Renaissance1488 Words   |  6 Pageswriters of the 1900’S is Langston Hughes. While many writers focused on one style or category of writing, Langston Hughes is the most versatile of all of the writers from the Harlem Renaissance. While the state of Missouri is known for its largest cities such as St. Louis and Kansas City and for famous attractions such as the Gateway Arch, the state is also the birthplace of one of the most well-known writers of the early Twentieth Century. James Mercer Langston Hughes is an American author, writerRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreThe Ways Of White Folks By Langston Hughes2313 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Humor is laughing at what you haven t got when you ought to have it† - Langston Hughes. This quote finds relevance in Langston Hughes 1934 novel â€Å"the Ways of White Folks†, as he adds a numerous amount of blunt and hidden jokes within the novel. These jokes are meant to laugh at the inequality between white people and black people within America. Hughes mocking of the inability of the American population to coexist is exemplified through the theme of the novel that the emotional disparity betweenRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Gwendolyn Brooks s The Bean Eaters 1907 Words   |  8 PagesWith the publication of her second volume of poetry, Annie Allen (1949), she became the first black American writer to win a Pulitzer Prize. Noted traditional forms and poignant evocation of urban black experience, Brooks emerged as a leading black literary figure during the 1950s and 1960s. her lyrical poetry addresses racial injustice, poverty, and the private struggles of young black women with exceptional precision, psychological depth, and authenticity. In addition to Annie Allen, Brooks is bestRead MoreOrder My Steps2359 Words   |  10 PagesI can say one thing for sure,† Life for me ain’t been no crystal stairs.† (Hughes, 1995) After receiving this assignment, I stepped back and took a good look at my life. 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Adverse Uniform Written Reporting Standards â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Adverse Uniform Written Reporting Standards? Answer: Introducation Measurement and bureaucratic processes helps generate economic measurements that provide a scale that is used in accounting to assess profit or loss made by a company. Therefore calculations are not generally based on hypothesis or guesswork since an already established measuring scale is used. In addition, these measuring instruments produce reliable numbers that are vital to the production of useful financial statements. For instance, the sales of Recce Group grew by 9.2% to $2,276m and profit after tax reduction was up to 16.1% on the prior year at $192.2m for the year ending 30 June 2016. Therefore, this calculation was done by using the actual figures and statements in order to ensure accuracy (Cairns Tarca, 2011). b) All accounting statements are guided by the set rules and regulations and any firm that ignores the outlined standards is subjected to the law. The financial report is prepared in accordance with Australian Accounting Standards, Interpretations and other authoritative pronouncements of the Australian Accounting Standards Board and the Corporations Act 2001. Therefore, the financial report covers the firms and controlled entities as a consolidated entity and all the arithmetic calculations should always be correct so as to provide the real financial position of a firm. Consequently, the consolidated financial statements of the firm should also comply with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Historical cost convention is a great determinant of the financial reports and therefore the set standards of arithmetic should be regarded in order to ascertain financial statements (Chalmers Godfrey, 2011). c) In accounting, depreciation involves the allocation of the cost of tangible asset over its useful life. For accounting purposes, businesses depreciate long term assets and as well as for tax purposes. The cost of tangible assets purchased by firms can be deducted as business expenses for the purpose of tax. In addition, depreciation is an accounting convention that allows a firm to write off the value of an asset over time considering it as a non-cash transaction. Depreciation expenses do not represent any cash transaction but it indicates the value of an asset used over a period of time ( Deegan, 2012). d) In accounting, income is an excess of revenue over expenses for an accounting year. The amount of money received by a firm over a specific period is called revenue. Its an increase in assets or decrease in liabilities. The gross activity made by a firm quantifies revenue. The gross profit generated by a company at the end of financial year helps calculate revenue hence determining whether the company made profit or loss. However, there might be instances where non real cash items are introduced in the income statement such as devaluation and depreciation which may affect the value of the firms real income. In this case it is true that income can be cash or non cash depending on the items represented in the income statement. e) Financial statements report on companys equity, income, and cash flow. They indicate an entitys financial activities to parties which include investors, management and tax officials. Financial statements provide vital information that is used by different persons for different reasons. They are presented in a structured manner with conventions accepted by accounting and regulatory personnel. They are therefore very useful in determination of whether a firm will attract the right investors and this sometimes affects how they are represented. Business managers try to paint the right image of the firm and sometimes might manipulate the figures to suit their interest. Similarly, financial statements are affected by human interpretation and error and even at some cases by international manipulation indicating that they are not only determinants of future decisions f) There are different general accepted accounting principles which of the basic accounting principles and guidelines, the detailed rules and standards issued by FASB and its predecessor the Accounting Principles Board (APB), and the generally accepted industry practices. Although, the information provided by professional accountants should be reliable, consistent, and comparable, the different accounting rules used yield different statements which give different positions. I believe accounting practice has deteriorated to a ritual of rules of simple compliance. In the past, the accounting history has been characterized by a quick intensification of enormous groups of accounting standards and other technical rules even though abrupt cooperate fall and other related financial reporting breakdowns have endured despite these massive regulatory measures. In an environment like this, the most regulated are the financial report hitherto also the least reliable commodities. The accounting profession is affected by a mediocre and insufficient impulse of quality while on the contrary only adherence to the processing rules instead of correspondence to the occurrences essential in making the accounting information consistent for making decisions in line with finance. Most accounting researchers are majorly nonchalant with enhancing the technical value of financial statements, and consequently, the weight on the accounting education has been reduced to simply a mas tery of a rule-book (Sunder, 2010). Arguing from the view of the accounting functions, roles, nature, and obligations of professions in addition to the features and the besets of the rules of accounting. Therefore, it can be accomplished that professional guarantee of accounting as an occupation is to be authenticated by the intellectual authority anticipated of a professional occupation. The emphasis in accounting education has been inclined to the mastery of rule-book techniques. This is not desirable as the accounting rules, and the standards advance daily though no significant progress is exhibited in the quality of the financial statements. It eliminates the correspondence to the existing commercial situations essential in advancing the reliability of accounting information in directing financial decision-making process. The emphasis on application of rules increased the technical insufficiencies of the same rules which have depleted the authority of professional and accounting autonomy at the same time introduced feebleness to of the professional obligations (Armstrong, 1987).. There is Recoil from the principles of professional practice therefore together with an enduring satisfaction concerning the current technical accounting practices. According to (Sunder, 2010 ) "the criticality of a professional literature depends not only on the efforts of academic researchers but also on the intellectual leadership exerted by the professionals." The professionals of accounting have depreciated in the quality of intellectual leadership they offer on the issues of the occupation. Pressure from outside like the developing complexity in the commercial functions also overall more controversial community may have incremented the challenges of achieving professional epitomes within the accounting profession. But the same kind of occupations gives them influential institutions with the ability to expound and create their situations. Professions are characterized upon the basis of independency and there requires to be self-regulatory (Ogus, 1995). Because of this, the cause of breakdowns in the accounting practices cannot be traced back to external factors. Various illogicalities have been manifested has been evident. The authority of the practitioners has been depleted while the power and extent of accounting occupation, in general, seem to have improved with no serious challenge which raises a question of why the increased macro-authority cannot correspond to the personal practitioner level. The next is the accounting profession has put a premium on practitioner impartiality even though frequent allotting of censure for accounting disappointments to company managers implies that accounting practitioners are unable to depend on themselves. Lastly, renunciation of the requirements of the professional obligations has taken place without the presence of important and crucial evaluation of the technical properties of the accounting profession. The liability crisis of the auditor and frequent indication of insufficient serviceability of the financial stat ements published have not issued a stimulus for the transition. In place of that, the accounting occupation has stuck obstinately to an unevaluated prior assumption of an inbuilt competence (Armstrong, 1987). The repercussions are that the accounting goes on in maintaining a perpetual crisis state. Even though any other partitions are subject to disapproval and inspection, the accountancy situation is peculiar as it is enduring and strong in its manner (Sunder, 2010). Arguing from the renouncement of the external factors as cause, there are insights of how the accounting technique besets nonconformities from the professional practice ideas. Techniques are of late termed as accounting rules. Behind these, inconsistencies is a disjointedness between the actual commercial phenomena and the rules of accounting (West, 2003). The rules in addition to the references of the financial reports are usually founded on imaginary ideas. Consequently, the duplication of the reliability that stands within the experimental information if relinquished and the capability to validate accounting data autonomously is forgone. These issues infringe not only the capability of the financial reports to act as consistent financial tools but also the authority of the profession of the accounting practitioners (West, 2003). A profession individual should always be in a position to account for the technical steps that she or he applies. This statement infers to being able to e xhibit an evidence of the knowledge acquired on the current issues or problems. Accounting standards, on the other hand, lacks the practicality of the theoretical proof. Supervisory sanction instead of cognition motivates the actions of the practitioners. These problems put together impels in a nearly exclusive dependence on the formally established rules to show certain accounting steps. The practitioners remain with no important authority about the matter not specialty to accounting norms (Sunder, 2010). Heritage assets own no exact definition as per the accounting standards while these assets commonly have an environmental or historical and cultural importance, for instance, the historical monuments and buildings, artefacts and conservation areas. These are not restricted to assets of a specific age or variety. Consequently, certain specifications may be needed to clarify the assets which fall under the reference of heritage assets and that which is noted as plant, equipment, and property. The properties vary though they encompass the following: Their educational, cultural and environmental value may not be fully considered in a financial value founded chastely on the price of the market. Statutory and or legal responsibilities may limit the capability to discard the asset They are not replaceable plus their quality may increment over time although their physical condition degenerates. It may be hard to approximate their significant lives which at times could be hundreds of years. Heritage assets are scarcely accounted for in line with their ability to produce cash inflows. Many times a real cost to the entity of holding the possessions will exist. The key rationale for keeping such like assets is the non-financial issues that are normally intangible for instance an entity possessed a church that had been utilized steadily for almost one hundred and fifty years. The church may have a cultural importance but because of its age, probable limitations on the capability of the church to sell it and the church's underlying ability to produce income, it may own no or little real value to the market (Deegan, 2012). A heritage asset can have a capability to be a liability and an asset: Heritage assets at times are needed and considered as an asset to develop the general financial statements, and therefore their disclosure is crucial. The policy reason behind this is that the heritage assets do constitute a crucial section of the assets under the control of the organization. It also holds several benefits of accurately gathering heritage assets in financial statements. Just like other items of property, heritage assets are under as by the same standard as a plant; equipment thus owns the same disclosure necessities and measurements. The asset values will be recorded allusion to the active market. The small local market may exist for several heritage assets, but an international marketing can always exist for value derivation. The asset value will be recorded as per the active market. Heritage asset as a liability In some circumstances where the heritage asset is impossible to be reliably measured, it is considered to be a liability. In this case, the asset is not put down on the balance sheet. However, according to the standards, a disclosure of the following is needed: A description of the heritage assets on hold that has not been realized in the financial statement encompassing the importance and nature of the particular asset (Deegan, 2012). In a case where the present information is existing, an approximate of the quality of the assets not recognized like the newest insurance value. The anticipation in this respect to this is that the exposure of would be sensibly detailed level of asset category, the quantities included and the reason for the unobtainable value of the asset (Sugahara Cillioni, 2008). Information recording concerning assets cannot be consistently gotten when reading in aggregation with the information on the recognized assets gives beneficial and pertinent information concerning the general holding of the heritage assets of the entities. The heritage assets form a substantial portion of the cultural identity and modern society. They show the important portion of our past historical records and defending these assets improve our communities. No, this ought not to be the case. The Eureka flag although considered as a heritage asset to the Ballarat city council it should be included in the financial statements. The Eureka flag has been protected through proclamation under an amount of almost $ 10,000 to remove the inappropriate utilization. Therefore, however much the exact value cannot be accounted for in financial statements, the protection value should at least play the lead in the financial statements, and the unaccounted characteristics are outlined under the invaluable assets. This approach will exhibit a clear communication to stakeholders who can result in increased stakeholder provision because of enhanced clarity of the importance of the Eureka Flag the organization controlling (Jacklin Keneley, 2009) References Armstrong, M. B. (1987). Moral development and accounting education.Journal of Accounting Education,5(1), 27-43. Cairns, D., Massoudi, D., Taplin, R., Tarca, A. (2011). IFRS fair value measurement and accounting policy choice in the United Kingdom and Australia.The British Accounting Review,43(1), 1-21. Chalmers, K., Clinch, G., Godfrey, J. M. (2011). Changes in value relevance of accounting information upon IFRS adoption: Evidence from Australia.Australian Journal of Management,36(2), 151-173. Deegan, C. (2012).Australian financial accounting. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Deegan, C. (2013).Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Jackling, B., Keneley, M. (2009). Influences on the supply of accounting graduates in Australia: a focus on international students.Accounting Finance,49(1), 141-159. Ogus, A. (1995). Rethinking self-regulation.Oxford Journal of Legal Studies,15(1), 97-108. Parker, R. H. (Ed.). (2013).Accounting in Australia (RLE Accounting): Historical Essays(Vol. 58). Routledge. Sunder, S. (2010). Adverse effects of uniform written reporting standards on accounting practice, education, and research.Journal of accounting and public policy,29(2), 99-114. West, B. P. (2003).Professionalism and accounting rules. Routledge. Sugahara, S., Boland, G., Cilloni, A. (2008). Factors influencing students' choice of an accounting major in Australia.Accounting Education: an international journal,17(S1), S37-S54.